Tumor_Carcinocytes_Neoplasia: is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.
An abnormal mass of tissue,
that forms when cells grow and divide more than they should or do not die when they should.
Tumors may be-
1.benign (not cancer)
OR 2.malignant (cancer).
Benign tumors may grow large but do not spread into, or invade, nearby tissues or other parts of the body.
-Feel like large, hard, painless to the touch and appear spontaneously.
-Lung & Bronchus tumor is very dangerous.
Type_3:
There are 3 main types of tumor:
*Benign: These tumors are not cancerous. They do not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. …
*Premalignant: In these tumors, the cells are not yet cancerous, but they can potentially become malignant.
*Malignant: Malignant tumors are cancerous.
Causes: when cells divide and grow excessively in the body.
-Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke exposure.
-Exposure to Sun and Tanning Beds.
-Overweight and Obesity.
-Excessive Alcohol Use.
-Benzene and other toxic chemicals.
-Drinking too much alcohol.
-Environmental toxins, such as poisonous mushrooms or a type that can grow on peanuts (aflatoxins), are two examples of environmental toxins.
-Genetic problems.
-Obesity.
-Radiation exposure.
-Infectious Disease.
-Viruses.
Signs & Symptoms:
* Fatigue or extreme tiredness that doesn’t get better with rest.
* Weight loss or gain of 10 pounds or more for no known reason
* Eating problems such as not feeling hungry, trouble swallowing, belly pain, or nausea and vomiting
* Swelling or lumps anywhere in the body
* Thickening or lump in the breast or other part of the body
* Pain, especially new or with no known reason, that doesn’t go away or gets worse
* Skin changes such as a lump that bleeds or turns scaly, a new mole or a change in a mole, a sore that does not heal, or a yellowish color to the skin or eyes (jaundice).
* Cough or hoarseness that does not go away
* Unusual bleeding or bruising for no known reason
* Change in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea, that doesn’t go away or a change in how your stools look
* Bladder changes such as pain when passing urine, blood in the urine or needing to pass urine more or less often
* Fever or nights sweats
* Headaches
* Vision or hearing problems
* Mouth changes such as sores, bleeding, pain, or numbness
Diagnose:
-During a physical exam, your doctor may look for abnormalities, such as…
changes in skin color
or enlargement of an organ, that may indicate the presence of cancer.
-Laboratory tests, such as…
urine test
blood tests
Biopsy
Treatment:How are tumors treated?
-Surgery to remove the tumor.
-Chemotherapy to shrink the tumor before surgery or destroy lingering abnormal cells after surgery.
-Immunotherapy to engage the immune system to fight cancer.
-Radiation therapy to destroy abnormal cells.
-Targeted therapy to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.
-Radiation, chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
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এক ভাই বলেছেন Benign tumour, Locally malignant tumour এসব টপিক নিয়ে একটা পোস্ট দিতে।টিউমারের নামের কোনো অভাব নেই।তাই সহজে মনে রাখার জন্য সবগুলোকে একসাথে একটু ইজি ওয়েতে প্রেজেন্ট করার চেষ্টা করেছি।যদি কারো উপকারে আসে, তবে মন থেকে করা দোয়াটাই অনেক।
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#1)Benign tumours :
কিছু ব্যাতিক্রম ছাড়া যেগুলোর নামের শেষে “oma” suffix আছে সেগুলোই বিনাইন টিউমার।
ব্যাতিক্রম হল:
A).Malignant tumours with suffix “oma” :
1)Lymphoma
2)Seminoma
3)Melanoma
4)Chordoma
5)Hemangiopericytoma(one type of sarcoma)
6)Multiple Myeloma
7)Gliomas: Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma.
মনে রাখতে পারেন: GAMES Of MMC Hostel Life!
(ধরুন, Mymensingh Medical Clg এর কেউ স্মৃতিচারণ করে এ কথা বলেছে।
here, “M” for Malignant also.. So, less chance to forget or make a mess!)
.
B)Suffix “oma” but not tumour :
1)Haematoma
2)Choriostoma
3)Cholesteatoma
4)Granuloma
মনে রাখতে পারেন HCG হরমোন দিয়ে।
(remind: HCG=Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin)
…….
সো, উপরের এগুলো বাদে বাকি যত “oma” আছে সব বিনাইন টিউমার।উদাহরন বলে শেষ করা যাবে না।
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#2)Malignant tumours:
সাধারনত নামের শেষে sarcoma/carcinoma লাগানো থাকে, তবে ব্যাতিক্রম কয়েকটার নামের শেষে “oma” আছে (উদাহরন উপরে বিনাইন অংশে দেয়া আছে)। আবার, একেবারেই ব্যাতিক্রম নামেরও আছে, যেমন: Leukaemia.
মদ্যাকথা, বিনাইন চিনলেই হল।বিনাইন বাদে বাকি সব ম্যালিগন্যান্ট ধরে নিলেই সহজ।
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#3)Intermediate tumours: These are locally aggressive tumours that can’t be grouped either as benign or malignant!
(According to Khaleque pathology: The tumour which behaves as benign,locally malignant or even may show metastasis)
Example:
1.Atypical Lipomatous tumour/Well differentiated Liposarcoma
2.Basal cell carcinoma of skin(Rodent ulcer)
2.Desmoid tumors(Aggressive fibromatosis)
3.Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
মনে রাখতে পারেন: BLADDeR [মূত্রথলি শরিরের মধ্যবর্তী(Intermediate) স্থানে অবস্থিত]
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★Locally Malignant tumours: The malignant tumours which are locally invasive but show little or no tendency to metastasize.
1.Ameloblastoma
2.Basal cell carcinoma(Rodent ulcer)
3.Carcinoid tumour
4.Cranyopharyngioma(but according to Davidson it’s Benign)
5.Deep-seated fibromatosis/Desmoid tumors
6.Giant cell tumour of bone(Osteoclastoma)[Ref: khaleque, but according to Robbin’s it’s “usually benign”]
7.Gliomas: (Astrocytoma, Oligodendroglioma, Ependymoma)
8.Marjolin’s ulcer
9.Paget’s disease of nipple(Confused)
মনে রাখতে পারেন: ABCD-GMP
(remind: cGMP is a second messenger)
Raiyyan Tahsan Date:-18-01-2025 Saturday Time:11-50-45 AM
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