Blast cell
what is Blast cell in leukaemia?
As the stem cells of the blood develop, they become blast cells (blasts), which are immature blood cells. In leukemia, there is an overproduction of blast cells. These blast cells develop abnormally and don’t develop into mature blood cells.
What is acute myeloblastic leukaemia?
Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) is a type of cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells. The term “acute” describes a rapid progression, and “myeloblastic” denotes the origin from myeloid cells. Myeloid cells are immature cells that normally become mature red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets. Excess production of immature myleloid cells in the bone marrow ultimately prevents the normal production of red blood cells, resulting in anaemia and decreased production of platelets, or thrombocytompenia. Patients with AML seek medical care due to fatigue from anaemia, or bleeding and bruising from insufficient platelets. Without enough normally functioning white blood cells the body’s immune system becomes weak and susceptible to infection.
What is symptoms of AML?
1.General symptoms:-
People with AML often have several non-specific (general) symptoms. These can include:
Weight loss
Fatigue
Fever
Night sweats
Loss of appetite.
Symptoms from low red blood cell counts (anemia):-
2.Red blood cells carry oxygen to all of the cells in the body. A shortage of red blood cells can cause:
Tiredness (fatigue)
Weakness
Feeling cold
Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
Headaches
Pale skin
Shortness of breath
3.Symptoms from low white blood cell counts:-
Infections can occur because of a shortage of normal white blood cells (leukopenia), specifically a shortage of infection-fighting white blood cells called neutrophils (a condition called neutropenia). People with AML can get infections that don’t seem to go away or may get one infection after another.
4.Symptoms from low blood platelet counts
Platelets normally help stop bleeding. A shortage of blood platelets (called thrombocytopenia) can lead to:-
Bruises (or small red or purple spots) on the skin
Excess bleeding
Frequent or severe nosebleeds
Bleeding gums
Heavy periods (menstrual bleeding) in women.
5.Symptoms caused by high numbers of leukemia cells:-
The cancer cells in AML (called blasts) are bigger than normal white blood cells and have more trouble going through tiny blood vessels. If the blast count gets very high, these cells can clog up blood vessels and make it hard for normal red blood cells (and oxygen) to get to tissues. This is called leukostasis. Leukostasis is rare, but it is a medical emergency that needs to be treated right away. Some of the symptoms are like those seen with a stroke, and include:
Headache
Weakness in one side of the body
Slurred speech
Confusion
Sleepiness
When blood vessels in the lungs are affected, people can have shortness of breath. Blood vessels in the eye can be affected as well, leading to blurry vision or even loss of vision.
6.Bleeding and clotting problems
Patients with a certain type of AML called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) might have problems with bleeding and blood clotting. They might have a nosebleed that won’t stop, or a cut that won’t stop oozing. They might also have calf swelling from a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or chest pain and shortness of breath from a blood clot in the lung (called a pulmonary embolism or PE).
7.Symptoms caused by leukemia spread
Spread to the skin,Spread to the gums
8.Spread to other organs
Less often, leukemia cells can spread to other organs. Spread to the brain and spinal cord can cause symptoms such as:
Headaches
Weakness
Seizures
Vomiting
Trouble with balance
Facial numbness
Blurred vision.
On rare occasions AML can spread to the eyes, testicles, kidneys, or other organs.ETC.
এর count 5% এর কম হলে normal,
20% এর বেশি হলে Acute myeloblastic leukaemia, count যদি (5-20)% তাহলে সেটাকে আমরা কি বলবো?
√Answer : Myelodysplastic syndrome.
Davidson
Raiyyan Tahsan. Date:-02-02-2025 Sunday Time:-11-15-45 Pm
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