Antibiotic Case No 9. Azithromycin Multipale uses.

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Antibiotic Case No 9. Azithromycin Multipale uses.

Antibiotics_series

Azithromycin: ম্যাক্রোলিড শ্রেণির একটা ড্রাগস – ১৯৮০ সালে আবিষ্কার হয়, এইটা protine synthesis inhibitors… ব্যাকটেরিয়া কোষের অভ্যান্তরীন যেই প্রোটিন থাকে, সেই প্রোটিন সিনথেসিস বন্ধ করে দেওয়াই হচ্ছে Azithromycin এর কাজ-

প্রোটিন সিনথেসিস বন্ধ করে দিলে ব্যাকটেরিয়ার growth suppress হয়ে যায়-

এটা একটা Broad Speactram Antibiotic

ব্যাকটেরিয়া কে যদি আমরা চার ভাগে ক্লাসিফিকেশন করি-তাহলে আমরা দেখি-

১..গ্রাম পজিটিভ ব্যাকটেরিয়া

২.. গ্রাম নেগেটিভ ব্যাকটেরিয়া.

৩..অ্যানারোবিক ব্যাকটেরিয়া

৪..এটিপিকাল ব্যাকটেরিয়া

ম্যাক্রোলিড শ্রেণির এন্টিবায়োটিক Azithromycin উপরের ৪ প্রকারের মধ্যে ৩ প্রকারের বিরুদ্ধে তথা গ্রাম পজিটিভ, নেগেটিভ, এটিপিকাল এর বিরুদ্ধে কাজ করে.

এবং খুব ভালো কাজ করে.

গ্রাম পজিটিভ এর মধ্যে আছে- mainly nicher Bacteria er against e onek valo kaj kore,

Streptococcal group এর বিরুদ্ধে কাজ করে, এই গ্রুপের ব্যাকটেরিয়া

যেই সব রোগ তৈরি করে- Gram Positive Bacteria

Pharyngitis

Laryngitis

Tonsillities

Skin Infetion

Pneumonia

তাই এইসব রোগের জন্য Azithromycin দেওয়া যেতে পারে.

আবার এইটা গ্রাম নেগেটিভ এর বিরুদ্ধে কাজ করে,

গ্রাম নেগেটিভ ব্যাকটেরিয়া মূলত Gram Negetive Bacteria

Salmonella

E-Coli

Klebshilla

Shigella

Proteus

এইসব দিয়ে যেসব ইনফেকশন হয়-

1. UTI

2. Diarrhea

3. Dysentary

4..Appendicities

5.. Cholecystitis

6..Pneumonia (H.influenza)

7..Typhoid

ইত্যাদি, তাই এইসব রোগের ক্ষেত্রে

Azithromycin দেওয়া যাবে.

আবার এটা এটিপিকাল ব্যাকটেরিয়া কাভারেজ দেয়, তাই

এটিপিকাল ব্যাকটেরিয়াল ইনফেকশনের বিরুদ্ধেও যেখানে ডক্সিসাইক্লিন ব্যবহার করা যায়না, যেমন বাচ্চাদের ক্ষেত্রে কিংবা প্রেগন্যান্সিতে Atypical coverage এর জন্য Azithromycin দেওয়া যাবে।

Atypical organism যেমন Micoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettcia

Chalmydia infection ইত্যাদি এর বিরুদ্ধে এইটা কাজ করে- তথা এটিপিকাল ব্যাকটেরিয়া, ও সালফিনজাইটিস এর বিরুদ্ধেও কাজ করে,

স্কিন এর ইনফেকশন এর বিরুদ্ধেও এইটা কাজ করে,

এইটা প্রেগ্ন্যাসিতে Pregnency safe

ডোজ-

Adults দের জন্য – UTI, Tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis,,, Pneumonia, Typhoid. non gonococcal urethritis তে ডোজ

Azithromycin 500 mg

0+0+1 (7 days)

তবে Non-gonococcal urethritis যেহেতু atypical organism দিয়ে হয়, আর Non gonococcal urethritis যেসব অর্গানিজম দিয়ে হয়, তাদের জন্য

Doxycycline এই ক্ষেত্রে কিছুটা বেশি সেনসিটিভ

AGE তে Azithromycin এর ডোজ-

ধরুন, ব্যাকটেরিয়াল ইনফেকশন দিয়ে ডায়েরিয়া হলো, তাহলে ডোজ হবে,

Azithromycin 500 mg

2 tab stat, then

0+0+1 More 2 days)

Treatment duration 3 days.

বাচ্চাদের জন্য- Azithromycin এর ডোজ-

10 mg /kg/day..

সিরাপের প্রতি চামচে থাকে –

1 TSF = 200 mg

তাহলে ওজন ১০ কেজি হলে

আধা চামচ করে পাবে,

ওজন ২০ কেজি হলে ১ চামচ করে পাবে. (৫-৭ দিন)

Tablet 1:-Zimex 500 mg (AS A Azithromycin Dihydrate AS A Macrolides).

Indications

Zimax is indicated for infections (caused by susceptible organisms) in lower respiratory tract infections including bronchitis and pneumonia, in upper respiratory tract infections including sinusitis and pharyngitis/tonsillitis, in otitis media, and in skin and soft tissue infections. In sexually transmitted diseases in men and women, Zimax is indicated in the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis.

Pharmacology

Azithromycin is acid-stable and can therefore be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed; its absorption is greater on an empty stomach. Time to peak concentration in adults is 2.1 to 3.2 hours for oral dosage forms. Due to the high concentration in phagocytes, azithromycin is actively transported to the site of infection. During active phagocytosis, large concentrations of azithromycin are released. The concentration of azithromycin in the tissues can be over 50 times higher than in plasma. This is due to ion trapping and the high lipid solubility.

Azithromycin’s half-life allows a large single dose to be administered and yet maintain bacteriostatic levels in the infected tissue for several days. Following a single 500 mg dose, plasma concentrations of azithromycin declined in a polyphasic pattern with a mean apparent plasma clearance of 630 mL/min and a terminal elimination half life of 68 hours. The prolonged terminal half-life is thought to be due to extensive uptake and subsequent release of drug from tissues. Biliary excretion of azithromycin, predominantly unchanged, is a major route of elimination. Over the course of a week, approximately 6% of the administered dose appears as unchanged drug in urine.

Microbiology: Azithromycin acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and, thus, interfering with microbial protein synthesis. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected. Azithromycin has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections:

Aerobic and facultative gram-positive microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes
Aerobic and facultative gram-negative microorganisms: Haemophilus ducreyi, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Other microorganisms: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Betalactamase production should have no effect on azithromycin activity.
Aerobic and facultative gram-positive microorganisms: Streptococci (Groups C,F,G), Viridans group streptococci
Aerobic and facultative gram-negative microorganisms: Bordetella pertussis, Legionella pneumophila
Anaerobic microorganisms: Peptostreptococcus species, Prevotella bivia

Dosage

Oral–
Adult: 500 mg once daily orally for 3 days or 500 mg once on day 1, then 250 mg once on days 2-5 for 4 days. For sexually transmitted diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis in adults, the dose is 1 gm given as a single dose or 500 mg once on day 1, followed by 250 mg once daily for next 2 days may also be given.

Children:

10 mg/kg body weight once daily for 3 days for child over 6 months
200 mg (1 teaspoonful) for 3 days if body weight is 15-25 kg
300 mg (1½ teaspoonfuls) for 3 days if body weight is 26-35 kg; 400 mg (2 teaspoonfuls) for 3 days if body weight is 36-45 kg.
In typhoid fever, 500 mg (2½ teaspoonfuls) once daily for 7-10 days is given.

Azithromycin Injection (For IV Infusion only): The recommended dose of Azithromycin for injection for the treatment of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia due to the indicated organisms is:

500 mg as a single daily dose by the intravenous route for at least two days. Intravenous therapy should be followed by Azithromycin by the oral route at a single, daily dose of 500 mg, administered as two 250-mg tablets to complete a 7 to 10-day course of therapy. The timing of the switch to oral therapy should be done at the discretion of the physician and in accordance with clinical response.
The recommended dose of Azithromycin for the treatment of adult patients with pelvic inflammatory disease due to the indicated organisms is: 500 mg as a single daily dose by the intravenous route for one or two days. Intravenous therapy should be followed by Azithromycin by the oral route at a single, daily dose of 250 mg to complete a 7-day course of therapy. The timing of the switch to oral therapy should be done at the discretion of the physician and in accordance with clinical response. If anaerobic microorganisms are suspected of contributing to the infection, an antimicrobial agent with anaerobic activity should be administered in combination with Azithromycin.
Safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for injection in children or adolescents under 16 years have not been established.

Side Effects

Zimax is well tolerated with a low incidence of side-effects. Most side-effects observed were mild to moderate in severity. The majority of side-effects were gastrointestinal in origin with nauseas, abdominal discomfort (pain/cramps), vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea and loose stools being occasionally observed. Allergic reactions such as rash or photosensitivity have occurred and there have also been rare reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Reversible elevations in liver transaminases have been seen with a frequency similar to the comparative macrolides and penicillins used in clinical trials. Rarely, cases of cholestatic jaundice have been observed. Transient mild reductions in neutrofil counts have occasionally been observed in clinical trials, although a causal relationship to azithromycin has not been established. Hearing impairment: In investigational studies where higher doses were used for prolonged periods of time, reversible hearing impairment was seen in some patients.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy Category of Azithromycin Dihydrate is B. Animal reproduction studies have demonstrated that Azithromycin has no evidence of harm to the fetus. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Since animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Azithromycin should be used during pregnancy only if adequate alternatives are not available. It is not known whether Azithromycin is secreted in breast milk. So, caution should be exercised when Azithromycin is administered to nursing women

Common Questions about Zimax 500 mg Tablet

What is Zimax 500 mg Tablet?

Zimax 500 mg Tablet performs its action by preventing the synthesis of essential proteins required by bacteria to carry out vital functions.

What are the uses of Zimax 500 mg Tablet?

Zimax 500 mg Tablet is used for the treatment and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and skin and soft tissue infections.

What are the Side Effects of Zimax 500 mg Tablet?

Side effects include diarrhea, dry or scaly skin, abdominal pain, difficult or painful urination, vomiting, fever, acid or sour stomach, aggression or anger, excessive air or gas in the stomach, and heartburn.

What are the instructions for storage and disposal Zimax 500 mg Tablet?

Zimax 500 mg Tablet should be kept in a cool dry place and its original packaging. Make sure this medication remains unreachable to children and pets. The patient should consult a doctor for its further uses.

Can the use of Zimax 500 mg Tablet cause diarrhea?

Yes, the use of Zimax 500 mg Tablet can cause diarrhea. It is an antibiotic that kills harmful bacteria. However, it also affects the helpful bacteria in your stomach or intestine and causes diarrhea. If you are experiencing severe diarrhea, consult your doctor immediately.

Is Zimax 500 mg Tablet safe?

Zimax 500 mg Tablet is safe if used at prescribed doses as advised by your doctor.

Is Zimax 500 mg Tablet an antibiotic?

Yes, Zimax 500 mg Tablet is an antibiotic that belongs to a class of antibiotics known as macrolides.

What if I don’t get better even after taking Zimax 500 mg Tablet?

You should inform your doctor if you do not notice any improvement in your symptoms after 3 days of taking Zimax 500 mg Tablet and if your symptoms get worse.

Quick Tips

Do not skip any doses of Zimax 500 mg Tablet and finish the full course of treatment even if you feel better. Stopping it early may make the infection to come back and harder to treat.
Take Zimax 500 mg Tablet 1 hour before or two hours after food.
Do not take antacids 2 hours before or after taking Zimax 500 mg Tablet.
Diarrhea may occur as a side effect but should stop when your course is complete. Inform your doctor if it doesn’t stop or if you find blood in your stools.
Stop taking Zimax 500 mg Tablet and inform your doctor immediately if you develop an itchy rash, swelling of the face, throat or tongue or breathing difficulties while taking it.

Raiyyan Tahsan Date:27-01-2025 Monday Time:12-50-45 AM

Raiyyan Tahsan

Raiyyan Tahsan