Raiyyan Tahsan

Raiyyan Tahsan
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Gynecology Case no 1.Adnexal Ovarian Cyst Fibroid Myoma

Adnexal/Ovarian Cyst and Fibroid/Myoma

রিপোর্টে আসলো Cyst, আপনি কিভাবে এখন রোগীকে বুঝাবেন, তারাতো মেডিকেল টার্ম বুঝে না। বেশীরভাগ রোগীই সিস্টকে টিউমার বলেন।

আমি যেভাবে রোগীদের বুঝাই……………..

Ovarian Cyst মানে হলো আপনার ডিম্বাশয়ে একটা পানির থলি হয়েছে যেমন আমাদের হাতে পানির ঠোসা পরে বা একটা বেলুনে অল্প পানি নিয়ে মুড়িয়ে/বেঁধে দিলে যেমন তুলতুলা থলির মতো লাগে ঠিক তেমন।

এটা কোনো টিউমার নয়।

আর Fibroid মানে হলো জরায়ুতে একটা শক্ত মাংসপিন্ড হয়েছে যাকে টিউমার বলে।

সুতরাং টিউমার আর সিস্ট এক নয়।

What is ovarian cyst ?

Answer is:-

Ovarian cysts are sacs, usually filled with fluid, in an ovary or on its surface. Females have two ovaries. One ovary is located on each side of the uterus.Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. Eggs develop and mature in the ovaries. Eggs are released in monthly cycles during the childbearing years.Ovarian cysts are common. Most of the time, you have little or no discomfort, and the cysts are harmless. Most cysts go away without treatment within a few months.But sometimes ovarian cysts can become twisted or burst open (rupture). This can cause serious symptoms. To protect your health, get regular pelvic exams and know the symptoms that can signal what might be a serious problem.

What are the symptoms of Ovarian cysts?

  • Answer is:- Pelvic pain that may come and go. You may feel a dull ache or a sharp pain in the area below your bellybutton toward one side.
  • Fullness, pressure or heaviness in your belly (abdomen).
  • Bloating.

Some smaller cysts cause no symptoms. In these cases, you may not even know you have a cyst. Larger cysts may cause:

  • Pelvic pain or a dull ache in your back.
  • A feeling of fullness (bloating) located in your lower belly that may feel more pronounced on one side of your body.
  • Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia).
  • Painful periods.

Symptoms that linger could indicate a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a condition that causes irregular periods and other hormone-related problems, including obesity and infertility. Other symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome include hirsutism (increased growth of body hair) and difficulty losing weight.

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What are types of ovarian cyst?

Answer is:- Most ovarian cysts are functional cysts. They form in response to your body’s changes during your Menstrual cycle. Less commonly, ovarian cysts form for reasons unrelated to menstruation.

1.Functional cysts:-

Functional cysts are the most common type of ovarian cyst and aren’t disease-related. They occur as a result of ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary). These cysts can be a sign that your ovaries are functioning as they should. Functional cysts generally shrink over time, usually within 60 days, without specific treatment.

2.Follicular cysts. A small sac in your ovary, called a follicle, releases an egg each month as part of your menstrual cycle. A follicular cyst forms when the follicle doesn’t release an egg. Instead, the follicle fills with fluid and grows bigger.

3.Corpus luteum cysts. After the follicle releases an egg, it forms a hormone-producing group of cells called the corpus luteum. A cyst forms when fluid collects in the corpus luteum, causing it to grow.

Sometimes, functional cysts are called simple cysts.

Other cysts:-

Not all ovarian cysts form in response to your menstrual cycle. They aren’t always signs of disease, but your provider may want to monitor them to ensure that they don’t cause complications. They include:

4.Cystadenomas. These cysts form on the surface of your ovary. They can be filled with fluid that’s thin and watery or thicker and mucous-like.

5.Dermoid cysts (Teratomas). Dermoid cysts consist of cells that make up all types of tissue in the human body, ranging from skin, hair, teeth and even brain tissue.

6.Endometriomas. These cysts are filled with endometrial tissue, the same tissue that you bleed each month during your period.

7.Ovarian cancer. Unlike the conditions above, ovarian cancer cysts (tumors) are solid masses of cancer cells.

What causes an ovarian cyst?

Ovulation is the leading cause of ovarian cysts. Other causes include:

  • Abnormal cell reproduction. Atypical cell reproduction can cause cysts like dermoids and cystadenomas to form.
  • Endometriosis. These cysts often form on the ovary in the advanced stages of endometriosis.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Severe pelvic infections can spread to your ovaries, causing cysts.
What are the complications of an ovarian cyst?
  • Cancerous cyst. Ovarian cysts that develop after menopause are more likely to be cancerous than cysts that form before menopause.
  • Ruptured ovarian cyst. Functional cysts commonly rupture without causing any negative symptoms. But sometimes, a ruptured cyst can cause severe pain and swelling in your belly. The larger it is, the greater likelihood it has of breaking.
  • Ovarian torsion. Cysts can grow so big that they distort the shape of your ovary, increasing the likelihood that it’ll twist. The twisting can prevent blood flow to your ovary, causing it to die. Extreme pain, nausea and vomiting are all signs of ovarian torsion.

Seek medical assistance right away if you’re experiencing the symptoms of a ruptured ovarian cyst or ovarian torsion.

Diagnosis and Tests
How is an ovarian cyst diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will first rule out pregnancy as the cause of your symptoms. Then, they may use the following tests to diagnose an ovarian cyst:

  • A Pelvic Exam: Your provider will feel inside your pelvis for any lumps or changes.
  • Ultrasound: This imaging procedure uses sound waves to create images of your body’s internal organs. It can detect cysts on your ovaries, including their location and whether they’re primarily fluid or solid.
  • Laparoscopy: This is a procedure performed in an operating room. Your provider inserts a camera through an incision (cut) in your abdomen and can view your reproductive organs and pelvic cavity. If your provider diagnoses a cyst at this time, they can remove it.

Treatment management :-

1.Ovarian cyst surgery

2.Laparoscopy

3.Laparotomy.

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